Second Declension
Singular
| Case | Latin word | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | lignum | the wood |
| Gen. | ligni | of the wood |
| Dat. | ligno | to the wood |
| Acc. | lignum | the wood |
| Voc. | lignum | wood |
| Abl. | ligno | with, by or from the wood |
Plural
| Case | Latin word | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ligna | the woods |
| Gen. | lignorum | of the woods |
| Dat. | lignis | to the woods |
| Acc. | ligna | the woods |
| Voc. | ligna | woods |
| Abl. | lignis | by, with, or from the woods |
All neuter nouns have the same endings in nominative, accusative, and vocative; namely um. In ihe plural the same cases have a.
Rule for Gender of First and Second Declensions
- Nouns of the first declension are feminine with exception of those that designate men. (poeta, nauta).
- Nouns of the second declension ending in us and er are masculine, those terminating in um are neuter.
The auxiliary verb, esse—to be.
| Latin word | English translation | Latin word | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| sum | I am | sumus | we are |
| es | thou art | estis | you are |
| est | he, she, it is | sunt | they are |
Imperfect—Active
- eram I was
- eras thou wast
- erat He was
- eramus we were
- eratis you were
- erant they were
- caelum heaven, sky, Plural—coeli
- firmamentum protection, fortress
- peccatum sin
- tabernaculum, tent, dwelling
- pugnare to fight
- vastare to devastate
- contra with acc., against
- refugium refuge
- regnum kingdom
Exercises
- Deus in caelo et in terra regnat.
- Caeli enarrant gloriam Dei.
- Deus refugium et firmamentum incolarum terrae est.
- Angeli iubilant in caelo.
- Christus regnum mundi superavit.
- Peccatum clamat ad caelum.
- Pugnamus contra peccatum.
- Peccatum regnum gratiae in anima vastat.
- In tabernaculo Christus, Dei filius, habitat.
- Stellas non adoramus.
- Prophetae et apostoli pro regno Christi pugnaverunt.